Recent advances in field‐effect transistor sensing strategies for fast and highly efficient analysis of heavy metal ions

Heavy metal ions are highly toxic for living organisms especially after bioaccumulation and biomagnification, which possess a serious threat to human health ecological environment. The rapid, portable, efficient analytical methods urgently needed the determination of heavy metals in different media. Due unique advantages field-effect transistor (FET) sensors including fast response, easy manipulation, small size, high sensitivity, FET sensor has become novel strategy ion monitoring numerous attempts have been made analysis various (e.g., mercury, lead, arsenic, copper, cadmium, iron, silver) past decade. Thus, it is urgent need systematically summarize recent advances sensing strategies detection ions. In this review, representative platforms introduced with focus on their working principle performance. Moreover, limitations current as well gap between research achievements practical application requirements also discussed. At last, future directions proposed, provides guidance further development other chemicals.